Beginner's Guide to End-Tital Capnography

4 Phases of the Capnoqram

I - Inspiration and expiration Of dead space

II - Mixing of dead space with ventilated alveoli

Ill - alveolar plateau and maximal emptying

IV - onset of inspiration

Uses

 • Can show obstructive disease with "shark fin" waveform (pink) because delayed time to alveolar emptying

 • Can show esophageal intubation (green) because there's no ventilation in the stomach

 • Can show oversedation in procedural sedation with decreasing waveform

 • Can show adequacy of CPR (high mortality with <10mmHg)

 • Can show ROSC with sharp increase in waveform during CPR

 • Can show fluid responsiveness with 5% rise with Passive Leg Raise test



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