Echocardiography
Right ventricular function can be assessed using several methods and echocardiography is generally the first‐line tool (Figure 1). TAPSE is most frequently used and has an independent prognostic value in HFpEF.4, 8, 23-25 The currently recommended lower limit cut‐off for TAPSE is <17 mm,12 although prior studies frequently used <16 mm. Fractional area change (with a lower limit of normal <35%12) is also commonly used, and is predictive of all‐cause mortality and heart failure hospitalizations in HFpEF.

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