Many studies have reported that although some patients develop contrast nephropathy, the average creatinine among all patients is either stable or improved. This raises the possibility that we may be observing random variations in creatinine following a normal distribution, and labeling the outliers as having “contrast nephropathy:”


#Pathophysiology #ContrastInduced #Nephropathy #CIN #PCAKI #Random #Creatinine #Distribution #Nephrology