Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cornea:

 • Keratoconus

 • Stromal Scaring

 • Neovascularization

 • Edema

 • Pterygium

Lens - Obscure Red Reflex, Poor fundus Visibility:

 • Cataract (Nuclear, Subcapsular, Cortical) 

Macula - Drusen or Edema:

 • Age Related Macular Degeneration (Wet, Dry)

Retina - Cotton wool spots, Micro-aneurysms, Hemorrhage and Macular Edema:

 • Diabetic Retinopathy (Background, Pre-Proliferative, Proliferative)

 • Retinitis Pigmentosa (Decreased night vision, loss of peripheral vision)

 • Systemic inflammatory conditions

Optic Nerve - Pallor, Papilledema, Irregular Disc Large Cup:Disc:

 • Glaucoma (Open-Angle)

Optic Track - Visual field defects, decrease in color vision:

 • Optic Nerve Compression

 • Pituitary Lesion

 • Meningioma

 • Craniopharyngioma



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