Thyroid Eye Signs 

Lid Signs

    Dalrymple’s Sign: Lid Retraction.

    Von Graefe’s Sign: Lid lag of the upper eyelid on downward gaze.

    Vigoroux Sign: Eyelid fullness/swelling. (Figure 1)

    Grove Sign: Resistance to pulling down the retracted upper lid.

    Rosenbach's Sign: Fine tremors of the eyelids when closed.

    Gifford’s Sign: Difficulty in everting upper lid. • Enroth Sign: Edema of lower lid. (Figure 1)

    Boston’s Sign: jerky irregular movement of upper lid on downward gaze.

    Kocher’s Sign: Increased lid retraction with visual fixation (staring look). (Figure 2)

    Abadie Sign: Spasm of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle with retraction of the upper lid.

    Riesman's sign: Bruit heard over the closed eye with a stethoscope.

 Facial Signs

    Stellwag Sign: Incomplete and infrequent blinking (staring look).

    Joffroy Sign: Absent creases in the forehead on superior gaze. (Figure 3)

    Jellinek's Sign: Hyperpigmentation of the superior eye folds.

    Hertoge’s Sign: Loss of the lateral third of eyebrows.

    Sainton’s sign: Delayed forehead wrinkling on up gaze.

 Extra-Ocular Muscle Signs

    Möbius Sign: Inability to converge. (Figure 4)

    Ballet Sign: Restriction of one or more extraocular muscles.

    Jendrassik's Sign: Limitation of abduction and rotation of eyeballs.

    Suker’s Sign: Poor fixation on abduction.

 Pupillary Signs

    Cowen’s Sign: Jerky pupillary constriction to light.

    Lowy’s Sign: Mydriasis with instillation of lower concentration of adrenaline.

    Knies’s sign: Unequal dilatation of pupil in dim light.

Others

    Goldzeiher’s Sign: Deep injection of the bulbar conjunctiva. (Figure 5)

    Payne Trouseau Sign: Globe luxation.

    Sattler Sign: Increased intra-ocular pressure in upgaze.



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