Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)

 • Introduction

 • Classification

 • Pathophysiology of TAPVR

 • Presentation if PVO Absent

 • Presentation if PVO Present

 • Diagnosis

 • Chest XRay: Classic “snowman sign” can be seen in supracardiac TAPVR

 • Pre-Operative Management

 • Surgical Intervention

 • Post-Operative Management

 • Outcomes



by Cara Holton, MD @crholton



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