Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

 • Pulmonary: Asthma, COPD, Pneumonia, CHF, Pneumothorax, Upper airway obstruction, Paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM)

 • Cardiac: Pulmonary embolism, Cardiac Ischemia, Pericardial effusion/Tamponade

 • Hematologic: Anemia

 • Metabolic: Metabolic acidosis, DKA, Salicylate poisoning, dehydration, Hypovolemic shock (blood and fluid loss), Alcoholic, or starvation ketoacidosis, Severe kidney dysfunction, toxic ingestions or exposures, Lactic acidosis of any cause, Carbon monoxide poisoning

 • Nervous System Dysfunction: Post-Ictal/Grand mal seizure, brainstem pathology (tumors, inflammation), Central neurogenic hyperventilation

 • Endocrine: Hyperthyroidism, Pheochromocytoma

 • Other Causes: Physiologic response (Exercise), Temperature/FEVER, Sepsis, Psychiatric (anxiety, fright, pain)



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