Aortitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Non-Infectious Aortitis:
 • Vasculitides: Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), Takayasu's arteritis, Cogan's Syndrome, Relapsing polychondritis, Behcet's Disease, Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN), ANCA associated vasculitis (rare)
 • Rheumatic Diseases: IgG4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sarcoidosis, HLA-B27-related spondyloarthropathies (SPA)
 • Other Causes: Cancer, Histiocytic disorders (Erdheim-Chester), Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (irAEs) (rare), Idiopathic
Infectious Aortitis:
 • Most common bacterial causes include: Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae
 • Mycobacterial Causes: M.tuberculosis, M. bovis
 • Fungi: Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Paracoccidioides
 • Viruses: HIV, VZV

By Mithu Maheswaranathan, MD @MithuRheu and Dr. Sara Dong @swinndong

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