Facial Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Facial Edema



Infectious:

	• Dental abscess

	• Ludwig's angina

	• Vincent's angina

	• Cellulitis

	• Cervicofacial actinomycosis

	• Mumps

	• Lymphadenitis

	• Sinusitis

	• Tonsillitis

	• Peritonsillar abscess

	• Dentitio difficilie

	• OM of craniofacial bones

	• Pott's puffy tumor



Autoimmune:

	• SLE

	• Dermatomyositis/polymyositis

	• Adult-onset Still's disease

	• Sjogren's syndrome



Hypersensitivity:

	• Angioedema

	• DRESS/DIHS

	• Nonepidosic angioedema with eosinophilia (NEAE)

	• Contact dermatitis (CD)



Orbital/Periorbital Space:

	• Cavernous venous thrombosis

	• Orbital cellulitis

	• Rhinocerebral mucormycosis

	• Aspergillosis sinusitis

	• Trichinosis



Salivary Gland:

	• Sialoadenitis

	• Parotitis



Preeclampsia



Dermatologic:

	• Sunburn

	• DRESS/DIHS

	• Rosacea

	• Solid facial edema of acne



Medications:

	• ACE inhibitors/ARBs

	• Corticosteroids

	• Estrogen

	• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

	• Thiazolidinediones

	• Calcium channel blockers



Trauma:

	• Ocular trauma/hematoma

	• LeFort fractures of the midface

	• Facial fractures in patients with multi-organ trauma

	• Zygomatic arch fractures associated with trismus

	• Nasoethmoid fractures

	• Subcutaneous emphysema



Renal:

	• Nephrotic syndrome

	• Central venous stenosis/obstruction in hemodialysis patients with central line catheters



Endocrine:

	• Cushing's syndrome

	• Decompensated hypothyroidism/Myxedema coma



Vascular:

	• SVC syndrome

	• Bilateral internal jugular vein thrombosis

	• Central venous stenosis/obstruction in hemodialysis patients with central line catheters



Malignancy:

	• SVC syndrome

	• Sebaceous gland carcinoma

	• Multiple myeloma - maxillofacial region

	• Idiopathic angiosarcoma of the head and neck

	• Cutaneous lymphomas

	• Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

	• Parapharyngeal space tumors

	• Richter's syndrome - CLL



Others:

	• Morbihan disease

	• Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome

	• Pseudolymphoma

	• Heerfordt syndrome - Sarcoidosis

	• Post-operative

	• Post-radiotherapy states

	• Acute mountain sickness



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