Bronchiectasis - Permanent dilation of an airway

WHAT CAN YOU SEE ON CT?

1) Lack of tapering of the airway near the periphery

2) Varicose constrictions

3) Ballooning of cystic structures

4) Bronchioarterial ratio > 1.5

5) Thickening of bronchial walls

6) Mucus plugging

WHAT IS THE DISTRIBUTION?

1) Focal (involving a segment or lobe of lung)

2) Diffuse (involving both lungs)

WHAT ARE COMMON CAUSES?

1) Genetic Conditions (Cystic Fibrosis, Primary Cilia Dyskinesia, Alpha 1 Anti-trypsin)

2) Immunodeficiency

3) Infection (Bacterial, TB, NTM, Fungal)

4) Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

S) Airway Obstruction

6) Rheumatologic/Autoimmune diseae

7) Recurrent Aspiration

8) Fibrosis (XRT, Sarcoid)



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