Voluntary action

Emotion, temperature

Coughing, sneezing, etc.

Physical work

Respiratory center

in brainstem

Coinnervation

Medulla

Rhythm generator

IXth/Xth

nerve

Respiratory drive:

Peripheral

Central

Mechanosensors in locomotor system

Xth

nerve

Respiration

Central chemosensors

个

In CSF:

PC02, pH

Carotid body

IXth

nerve

Xth

nerve

Depth of respiration

Alveolar ventilation

Aortic body

Peripheral chemosensors

Mechanosensors in lung and

respiratory muscles

In blood:

#PCO2

#pH

P02