Differential Diagnosis of Acute Arthritis


Crystal-induced arthritis: Calcium oxalate, gout, cholesterol, pseudogout, hydroxyapatite crystals


Infectious arthritis: Bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria, spirochetes, viruses


Inflammatory arthritis: Behçet syndrome,* rheumatoid arthritis,* sarcoid, systemic lupus erythematosus,* Still disease,* seronegative spondyloarthropathy (e.g., ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease–related arthritis), systemic vasculitis*


Osteoarthritis: Erosive/inflammatory variants*


Other: Amyloidosis, avascular necrosis, clotting disorders/anticoagulant therapy, familial Mediterranean fever,* foreign body, fracture, hemarthrosis, hyperlipoproteinemia,* meniscal tear


Systemic infection: Bacterial endocarditis, human immunodeficiency virus infection


Tumor: Metastasis, pigmented villonodular synovitis


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