Bronchiolitis - Lower respiratory tract (bronchioles) 



Microbiology 

 • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (most commonl 

 • Rhinovirus, Parainfluenza virus, Human metapneumovirus 

 • Influenza virus 

Clinical 

 • Occurs primarily in children 2-years-old 

 • Often preceded by a 1 to 3 day URI prodrome 

 • Fever, Cough 

 • Respiratory distress (tachypnea, retractions, wheezing, crackles) 

Complications 

 • Dehydration 

 • Apnea (premature and < 2 months old) 

 • Aspiration pneumonia, Respiratory failure 

Management 

Nonsevere bronchiolitis 

 • Anticipatory guidance, nasal suctioning, hydration 

Severe bronchiolitis 

 • Trial of inhaled bronchodilator (controversial) 

 • Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula 

 • Continuous positive airway pressure 

 • Endotracheal intubation 



#Bronchiolitis #Diagnosis #Management #Peds #Pediatrics