Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia



Hypokalemia

- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment

  - b2-receptor agonists

  - Insulin (high dose) with glucose

  - Xanthines (theophylline, caffeine)

  - Verapamil (in overdose)

  - Sodium bicarbonate

- Extrarenal Laxatives

- Renal

  - Antimicrobials Nafcillin, ampicillin, penicillin, aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, foscarnet

  - Diuretics 

    - Acetazolamide

    - Furosemide and other loop diuretics

    - Thiazides

    - Mannitol

  - Mineralocorticoids Fludrocortisone

  - Antiepileptic Topiramate



Hypomagnesemia

- Extrarenal Proton pump inhibitor

- Renal

  - Antimicrobials Drug-induced renal Fanconi syndrome: Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, streptomycin, tobramycin), pentamidine, amphotericin B, foscarnet, antiretroviral therapy

  - Diuretics 

    - Furosemide

    - Thiazide

  - Antitumoral 

    - Cisplatin

    - Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

  - Immunosuppressants 

    - Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine, tacrolimus)

    - Mycophenolate

    - Anti-EGF receptors (cetuximab, panitumumab)



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