SPICE (SPACE) Organisms



Gram-negative bacteria that have inducible, chromosomal beta-lactamase genes known as AmpC - Resistance may not be detected on initial susceptibility testing, but can develop resistance while on therapy to all beta-lactams EXCEPT carbapenems (Cefepime and Piperacillin/Tazobactam can be used with caution as well)



Organisms in this group include: 

    • Serratia

    • Providencia

    • "Indole-positive" Proteus species / Acinetobacter

    • Citrobacter

    • Enterobacter species



Other organisms in this class include: Acinetobacter, Cronobacter, Edwardsiella, Hafnia, Morganella, and rarely Pseudomonas



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