Causes of Purpura or Easy Bruising in Children



Platelet count reduced, i.e. thrombocytopenia

 - Increased platelet destruction or consumption

    - Immune

      - ITP (immune thrombocytopenia)

      - SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)

      - Alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia

    - Non-immune

      - Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

      - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

      - DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)

      - Congenital heart disease

      - Giant haemangiomas (Kasabach—Merritt syndrome)

      - Hypersplenism

 - Impaired platelet production

    - Congenital

      - Fanconi anaemia

      - Wiskott—Aldrich syndrome

      - Bernard—Soulier syndrome

    - Acquired

      - Aplastic anaemia

      - Marrow infiltration (e.g. leukaemia)

      - Drug-induced

Platelet count normal

 - Platelet dysfunction

   - Congenital - Rare disorders, e.g. Glanzmann thromboasthenia

   - Acquired - Uraemia, cardiopulmonary bypass

Vascular disorders

   - Congenital

   - Acquired

     - Meningococcal and other severe infections

     - Vasculitis, e.g. Henoch—Schönlein purpura, SLE

     - Scurvy



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