Rewarming Methods in Hypothermia

 • Passive rewarming - Requires adequate patient physiologic mechanisms. Inadequate for more than mild hypothermia

 • Active external rewarming + IV fluids - Key method

 • Bladder lavage - Low benefit, low risk. Consider if slow to warm

 • Gastric lavage - Risks usually outweigh benefits

 • Peritoneal lavage - Risks usually outweigh benefits

 • Thoracic lavage - Risks usually outweigh benefits. Consider in cardiac arrest without access to CPB or ECMO

 • Dialysis - Uncommon in practice, requires spontaneous circulation

 • VV-ECMO - Uncommon in practice, requires spontaneous circulation

 • Cardiopulmonary bypass or VA-ECMO - Ideal method for cardiac arrest



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