Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    - Deficiency: ↓ Exposure (sunlight), ↓ Intake (diet)
    - Activation: Liver disease, Kidney Disease (CKD)
    - Metabolism: Drugs (phenytoin)
 • NORMAL VIT D
    - Accelerated Bone Formation: Hungy Bone Syndrome
    - Calcium Sequestration: Pancreatitis, Blood Transfusions
    - Medications: Bisphosphonates, Denosumab
PTH Dependent 
 • INADEQUATE PTH (↓ PTH)
    - Iatrogenic (most common) - Surgery, Radiation
    - Mg+ deficiency
    - Infiltrative: Amyloid, TB (granuloma)
    - Autoimmune: APS 1
    - DiGeorge Syndrome
 • PTH RESISTANCE (↑ PTH)
    - Pseudohypoparathyroidism: Alteration in PTH Signaling

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