Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

 • Finger pulp atrophy

 • Tissue ischemia/infarction -> Digital ulcerations -> Gangrene

 • Livedo reticularis (mottled purplish discoloration of the skin)

 • Sensations of numbness or "pins and needles"

 • Pallor = White extremities

 • Cyanosis = Blue extremities

 • Reactive hyperemia = Red extremities



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