Benzodiazepine (BZD) withdrawal: clinical findings and complications



 • Activation of ACC and OFC -> Feelings of fear

 • Activation of PAG -> Behavioural response of fight or flight

 • Activation of hypothalamus -> Incr Cortisol -> CAD, T2DM, Stroke

 • Activation of PBN -> Incr RR, SOB, Asthma. or sense of being smothered

 • Incr Sympathetic Activity -> Incr BP, Incr HR variability, tremor and diaphoresis, Incr atherosclerosis, cardiac ischemia, MI, or sudden death



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