Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis

HEMODYNAMIC

 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow, Venous congestion

 • Volume depletion

 • Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction (e.g. calcineurin inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome)

 • Vascular occlusion (e.g. thromboembolism, renal artery stenosis)

OBSTRUCTIVE

 • Urinary calculi

 • Prostatic enlargement (benign or malignant)

 • Ureteral compression (e.g. retroperitoneal fibrosis, cervical cancer)

 • Urinary bladder tumors

INTRINSINC RENAL

Glomerulonephritides (GN)

 • Primary GNs: Disease process primarily related to kidney e.g. IgA nephropathy

 • Secondary GNs: Due to systemic disease or drugs e.g. Post-infectious GN, Lupus

Acute Tubular Injury/Necrosis (ATN)

 • Prolonged hypotension

 • Drugs

 • Toxins

Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN)

 • Drugs (e.g. NSAlDs, antibiotics, PPI)

 • Toxins

 • Infection



- Dr. Abhilash Koratala @NephroP



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